Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan by Adamec Ludwig W.;

Author:Adamec, Ludwig W.; [Adamec, Ludwig W.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
Published: 2011-09-14T16:00:00+00:00

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JABAL-US-SIRAJ (JABAL AL-SIRAJ) (35-1' N, 69-14' E). A town and administrative district with a population of about 102,000 in Parwan Province that has become a center of Afghanistan’s textile industry. Built by Amir Habibullah in 1906, the town got its name from the amir’s title Siraj al-Millat wa’l Din (Torch of the Nation and Religion). It included a fortress and Arg (palace) and a cantonment, housing some 12,000 men. Between 1910 and 1913, a hydroelectric plant was constructed by a Scottish engineer, James Miller, to provide electricity for Kabul. For a long time this was the only plant of its type in Afghanistan. Subsequently the industrial base was further expanded with the construction of a textile mill in the 1930s and a cement factory in the early 1960s.

JABBAR KHEL. A section of the Ghilzai tribe occupying the area of Hisarak-i Ghilzai in Nangarhar Province, between the Siah Koh range and the Surkhab River, and scattered over the greater part of Laghman Province.

JABHA-YI MILLI BERAYE NAJAT-I AFGHANISTAN. The National Liberation Front was one of the seven mujahedin groups headquartered in Pakistan, founded by Sebghatullah Mujaddidi in 1978. It advocated the overthrow of the Marxist regime in Kabul and the establishment of a traditional Islamic state with a parliamentary democracy. Members of the Naqshbandi Sufi fraternity predominate in this group. The Jabha is ideologically close to the moderate groups of Gailani and Muhammadi and cooperated with them. Mujaddidi has actively participated in Afghan politics, and after the capture of Kabul by the Taliban recognized their government.

JADRAN (DZADRAN, ZADRAN). A tribe related to the Khostwal Pashtuns, the Jadran inhabit the eastern slope of the Sulaiman range in Paktia Province. They are excellent fighters and entered the war against the Kabul government in 1979. Under the command of Jalaluddin Haqani, they succeeded in expelling government troops from the area of Urgun. The Jadran were loosely affiliated with the party of Yunus Khales.

JAGIR. A jagir is a feudal, military fiefdom, such as granted by Ahmad Shah Durrani to chiefs of his tribe. It was an allotment of land that was tax free but required its holder to provide a number of troops and arms corresponding to the size of the jagir (also called tiyul and iqta’). Land was divided into divisions called qulba, or “plows,” which designated the portion of irrigated land cultivated by one person, employing one oxen and one plow. The area was divided into two sections for sowing of two kharwar of grain (one kharwar, literally a donkey load, amounted to 100 man, up to 160 pounds); one section was cultivated each year while the other half remained fallow. About 3,000 double qulba were distributed to Durrani tribes in Kandahar, for which they had to provide 6,000 horsemen for the amir’s army.

JAGRAN, SAYYID MUHAMMAD HASAN (JAGLAN). Jagran (Major) is the nom de guerre under which Sayyid Hasan, the 65-year-old commander of the Hazara front in Behsud, Ghazni Province, was known. Successful in various military engagements against government forces, he reportedly administered his area autonomously during the 1980s.

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